I don't have much to contribute to this, but am loving the discussion here.
Random observations;
Freedom of Speech - yes, has to apply universally or not at all. No question Hebdo is distasteful beyond all measure, and insanely offensive (the Prophet making out w/ a Frenchman), but if that's not protected then nothing can be.
Retaliation - 1) have to admire Muslims getting physical and not wanting their beliefs insulted / bullied. Going to blood to defend honor is admirable to a degree. 2) Defending your beliefs to blood is freaking ridiculous. Not much can merit blood-feud-ish action like that. It's deplorable.
Islam/Economics/Geography - Completely agree; Muslims are pouring out of the MidEast because their own policies/practices have made the region stagnant economically (barring basically oil sheiks), and culturally unbearable. You can't escape your roots, and then come to an already established nation and demand that the new host change their policies for your sake - you're the guest. You're the newcomer. You're the Other. Expect to be discriminated against, and take it proudly, knowing you may be mocked, but you won't be killed on a whim anymore either. Then attempt to work WITHIN THE ESTABLISHED SYSTEM in order to better your standing in your new home.
Muslim Apologists - You can't separate the extremists from the non-extremists until some legitimate font of Islam comes out with definitive statements against the terrorist acts. Unfortunately, Islam is not constructed in that same hierarchical manner as the majority of Western religions. So... they're pretty much screwed. Unless there's mounted, open opposition to separate themselves, having these random talking heads on obscure news programs saying "No, we don't support that" won't be enough. I've mentioned it before, being LDS, even if LDS-fringe groups, in no way affiliated with my church, make questionable actions, it becomes my church's responsibility to disavow themselves from the action. Just the way it works. And even then, the majority of the US thinks we still have multiple wives and hate black people (see anti-Romney tactics).